Such cells are of contemporary interest because they offer substantially higher charge storage capacity than state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery technology.This thesis makes significant advances in the design of electrolytes and interfaces in electrochemical cells that utilize reactive metals as anodes. This thesis utilizes a combination of chemical synthesis, physical & electrochemical analysis, and materials theory to investigate structure, ion transport properties, and electrochemical behaviors of hybrid electrolytes and interfacial phases designed to prevent such instabilities.

Batteries based on metallic anodes are currently considered impractical and unsafe because recharge of the anode causes physical and chemical instabilities that produce dendritic deposition of the metal leading to catastrophic failure via thermal runaway. Such cells are of contemporary interest because they offer substantially higher charge storage capacity than state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery technology.This thesis makes significant advances in the design of electrolytes and interfaces in electrochemical cells that utilize reactive metals as anodes..

Rational Design of Nanostructured Polymer Electrolytes and Solid–Liquid Interphases for Lithium Batt In particular, it demonstrates that relatively low-modulus electrolytes composed of cross-linked networks of polymer-grafted nanoparticles stabilize electrodeposition of reactive metals by multiple processes, including screening electrode electrolyte interactions at electrochemical interfaces and by regulating ion transport in tortuous nanopores.This thesis makes significant advances in the design of electrolytes and interfaces in electrochemical cells that utilize reactive metals as anodes.. Such cells are of contemporary interest because they offer substantially higher charge storage capacity than state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery technology.

Proteomic and Ionomic Study for Identification of Biomarkers in Biological Fluid Samples of Patients As such, this book evaluates various strategies for sample preparation for proteomic and ionomic studies in order to simplify complex serum samples and allow the quantification of chemical species (proteins and metal ions), which are potential candidates for BD biomarkers. The absence of biomarkers for BD has resulted in misdiagnosis and ineffective treatment in some patients, causing additional health problems and high costs for health systems.

. This book discusses the sources of uncertainty in future model projections of the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern under global warming.Moreover, the book presents a correction for model projections of the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern based on the concept of “observational constraints”; the corrected projection exhibits a more El Niño-like warming pattern. It mainly focuses on cloud radiation feedback and ocean dynamical effect, which reveal to be the two greatest sources of uncertainty in the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern.

.Proteomic and Ionomic Study for Identification of Biomarkers in Biological Fluid Samples of Patients As such, this book evaluates various strategies for sample preparation for proteomic and ionomic studies in order to simplify complex serum samples and allow the quantification of chemical species (proteins and metal ions), which are potential candidates for BD biomarkers.

This book discusses the sources of uncertainty in future model projections of the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern under global warming. It mainly focuses on cloud radiation feedback and ocean dynamical effect, which reveal to be the two greatest sources of uncertainty in the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern.

.Proteomic and Ionomic Study for Identification of Biomarkers in Biological Fluid Samples of Patients As such, this book evaluates various strategies for sample preparation for proteomic and ionomic studies in order to simplify complex serum samples and allow the quantification of chemical species (proteins and metal ions), which are potential candidates for BD biomarkers. In addition, it describes the development of a new membrane-based methodology for extracting urine proteins to be used in biomarker discovery. Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric condition that affects thousands of people worldwide.

It mainly focuses on cloud radiation feedback and ocean dynamical effect, which reveal to be the two greatest sources of uncertainty in the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern.

It begins by reapproaching a years-long debate over the nature of the phase transition to the commensurate CDW (CCDW) state and the role played by the intrinsic tendency towards excitonic condensation in this system. A Ginzburg-Landau phenomenological theory was subsequently developed to understand the experimentally observed transition from commensurate to incommensurate CDW (ICDW) order with doping or pressure, and the emergence of a superconducting dome that coexists with ICDW.On the Nature of Charge Density Waves, Superconductivity and Their Interplay in 1T-TiSe₂ Finally, to characterize microscopically the effects of the interplay between CDW and SC, the spectrum of CDW fluctuations beyond mean-field was studied in detail.

As the CMOS technology roadmap calls for continuously downscaling traditional transistor structures, controlling the parasitic effects of transistors, e. short channel effect, parasitic resistances and capacitances is becoming increasingly difficult.g.

A Ginzburg-Landau phenomenological theory was subsequently developed to understand the experimentally observed transition from commensurate to incommensurate CDW (ICDW) order with doping or pressure, and the emergence of a superconducting dome that coexists with ICDW.

A Ginzburg-Landau phenomenological theory was subsequently developed to understand the experimentally observed transition from commensurate to incommensurate CDW (ICDW) order with doping or pressure, and the emergence of a superconducting dome that coexists with ICDW. In the aggregate, the work reported here provides an encompassing understanding of what are possibly key microscopic underpinnings of the CDW and SC physics in TiSe2.On the Nature of Charge Density Waves, Superconductivity and Their Interplay in 1T-TiSe₂ Finally, to characterize microscopically the effects of the interplay between CDW and SC, the spectrum of CDW fluctuations beyond mean-field was studied in detail..

g. short channel effect, parasitic resistances and capacitances is becoming increasingly difficult. The emergence of these problems sparked a technological revolution, where a transition from planar to three-dimensional (3D) transistor design occurred in the 22nm technology node.

This book presents two important new findings. Until now, this was only proved with reduced or phenomenological models. Turbulent Heating and Anisotropy in the Solar Wind These anisotropies do not affect the overall turbulent heating if we take into account the relation observed in solar wind between anisotropy and Alfvén wave imbalance.

Until now, this was only proved with reduced or phenomenological models.. First, it demonstrates from first principles that turbulent heating offers an explanation for the non-adiabatic decay of proton temperature in solar wind. Second, the book demonstrates that the two types of anisotropy of turbulent fluctuations that are observed in solar wind at 1AU originate not only from two distinct classes of conditions near the Sun but also from the imbalance in Alfvén wave populations.

Secondly, it describes a high-precision mass measurement of 56Cu, a critical nucleus for determining the path of the astrophysical rapid-proton capture process, performed by the author using the LEBIT Penning trap at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. In addition, the thesis also presents the construction and testing of a radio-frequency quadrupole cooler and buncher that will be part of the future N = 126 factory at Argonne National Laboratory aimed at producing nuclei of interest for the astrophysical rapid-neutron capture process for the first time.

In addition, the thesis also presents the construction and testing of a radio-frequency quadrupole cooler and buncher that will be part of the future N = 126 factory at Argonne National Laboratory aimed at producing nuclei of interest for the astrophysical rapid-neutron capture process for the first time.. Firstly, it presents a precise half-life determination of 11C, leading to the most precise ft-value for a beta decay transition between mirror nuclides, an important advance in the testing of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model.

As the CMOS technology roadmap calls for continuously downscaling traditional transistor structures, controlling the parasitic effects of transistors, e.This thesis presents the SiGe source and drain (S/D) technology in the context of advanced CMOS, and addresses both device processing and epitaxy modelling.

Turbulent Heating and Anisotropy in the Solar Wind These anisotropies do not affect the overall turbulent heating if we take into account the relation observed in solar wind between anisotropy and Alfvén wave imbalance. First, it demonstrates from first principles that turbulent heating offers an explanation for the non-adiabatic decay of proton temperature in solar wind.

In this thesis, Jean Spièce develops a novel comprehensive experimental and analytical framework for high precision measurement of heat flows at the nanoscale using advanced scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) operating in ambient and vacuum environment, and reports the world’s first operation of cryogenic SThM.

Nanoscale heat generated in microprocessor components of only a few tens of nanometres across cannot be effectively fed away, thus stalling the famous Moore's law of increasing computer speed, valid now for more than a decade.In this thesis, Jean Spièce develops a novel comprehensive experimental and analytical framework for high precision measurement of heat flows at the nanoscale using advanced scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) operating in ambient and vacuum environment, and reports the world’s first operation of cryogenic SThM. The thesis tackles one of the most difficult problems of modern nanoscale science and technology - exploring what governs thermal phenomena at the nanoscale, how to measure the temperatures in devices just a few atoms across, and how to manage heat transport on these length scales.

This thesis make significant contributions to both the numerical and analytical aspects of particle physics, reducing the noise associated with matrix calculations in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and modeling multi-quark mesonic matters that could be used to investigate particles previously unseen in nature.. Thomas-Fermi Model for Mesons and Noise Subtraction Techniques in Lattice QCD Several methods are developed that can reduce the statistical uncertainty in the extraction of hard-to-detect lattice QCD signals from disconnected diagrams.This not only increases efficiency but also works for QCD matrices with almost-zero eigenvalues, a region where most QCD algorithms break down.

The thesis tackles one of the most difficult problems of modern nanoscale science and technology - exploring what governs thermal phenomena at the nanoscale, how to measure the temperatures in devices just a few atoms across, and how to manage heat transport on these length scales. Nanoscale heat generated in microprocessor components of only a few tens of nanometres across cannot be effectively fed away, thus stalling the famous Moore's law of increasing computer speed, valid now for more than a decade.

The main benefit of this model is that it can work for a large number of quarks which is currently almost impossible with lattice QCD. The most promising technique beats competing methods by 1700 percent, leading to a potential decrease in the computation time of quark loop quantities by an order of magnitude.This not only increases efficiency but also works for QCD matrices with almost-zero eigenvalues, a region where most QCD algorithms break down. Thomas-Fermi Model for Mesons and Noise Subtraction Techniques in Lattice QCD Several methods are developed that can reduce the statistical uncertainty in the extraction of hard-to-detect lattice QCD signals from disconnected diagrams.

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Precision Measurements to Test the Standard Model and for Explosive Nuclear Astrophysics This new measurement resolves discrepancies in previously-reported calculated mass excesses. Firstly, it presents a precise half-life determination of 11C, leading to the most precise ft-value for a beta decay transition between mirror nuclides, an important advance in the testing of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model. Secondly, it describes a high-precision mass measurement of 56Cu, a critical nucleus for determining the path of the astrophysical rapid-proton capture process, performed by the author using the LEBIT Penning trap at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory.

This thesis investigates new ways of probing the early universe, the properties of neutrinos and the possible existence of other light particles.

This thesis investigates new ways of probing the early universe, the properties of neutrinos and the possible existence of other light particles..

Cosmological Probes of Light Relics This tests the Standard Model of particle physics and the universe back to a time when it was about one second old. These observations have not only become precise enough to answer questions about the universe on the largest scales, but also to address puzzles in the microscopic description of Nature.