Global Change and Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems.Global warming is likely to have the greatest impact at high latitudes, making the Arctic an important region both for detecting global climate change and for studying its effects on terrestrial ecosystems.

Ecology and Biogeography of Mediterranean Ecosystems in Chile, California, and Australia.Mediterranean-type ecosystems have provided ecologists with some of the most scientifically-rewarding opportunities to formulate and evaluate hypotheses about large and small-scale ecological phenomena.

Long-Term Experiments with Acid Rain in Norwegian Forest Ecosystems is a lasting contribution to the literature on acid precipitation, and will be of interest to researchers in ecology, air pollution, forestry and environmental chemistry.

They have also been "nibbled" at from above where there have been alpine grasslands under grazing pressure.Until relatively recently the valuable tropical montane cloud forests (hereaf­ ter usually referred to as TMCFs) of the world had scarcely come under the assaults experienced by the downslope montane and lowland forests. The ad­ jacent upper montane rain forests have indeed been under assault for timber, fuelwood, and for conversion to grazing and agriculture for many decades, even centuries in the Andes, but true cloud forest has only come under ex­ ploitation as these lower elevational resources have disappeared. TMCFs are not hospitable environments for human occupation, and their remoteness (except in places near Andean high mountain settlements and in the Ethiopian Highlands) and difficult terrain have given them de facto protection.

Then, as now, parks represented a democratic ideal, that even the greatest treasures should be available to all. Rocky Mountain National Park was established in 1915, one year before the creation of the National Park Service. As local-, regional-, and global-scale changes occur from human tampering with the environment, the integrity of natural ecosystems is threatened worldwide.

Over the past decade there has been considerable interest in the effects of atmospheric deposition on forest ecosystems.The IFS is unique as an applied research project in its complete, ecosystem-level evaluation of nutrient budgets, including significant inputs, outputs, and internal fluxes. Most significantly, the IFS data was used to test several general hypotheses regarding atmospheric deposition and its effects. Atmospheric Deposition and Forest Nutrient Cycling This volume summarizes the results of the Integrated Forest Study (IFS), one of the most comprehensive research programs conducted.

Horses and Grasses It examines how these equids are affected by variations in abundance and quality of grasses and in turn, how grazing affects the plant communities..

Not until the emergence of patch dynamics theory, however, has central signif­ icance of the ecotone concept become apparent.

These reports coincided with documentation of reductions in radial growth of several species of pine in the southeastern United States, and with the severe, rapid, and widespread decline of Norway spruce, silver fir, and some hardwoods in central Europe. These may be biotic or abiotic in nature, and the combinations may differ from site to site.

Research used to address management problems should entail a continuous series of interrelated studies, descriptive and experimental, that answer the immediate (and often less important) questions that are asked on a day-to-day basis.The Rivers of Florida This book addresses basic questions concerning the ecological relationships and current conditions of the major river systems in Florida . .

In the rush to explore problems of scale, another general aspect of ecolog­ ical systems has been given less attention. The coverage is thus broad and rich, and the contributing authors have been encouraged to range widely in discussions and reflections.

Golley, O.

. Of course, this means that the personal computer must work everywhere around the world.

The global change program will call for coordinated measure­ ments on a global scale of those interactive physical and biological pro­ cesses that regulate the earth system. There are many conceptual and technical issues that must be resolved H. Mooney and Richard J.Remote Sensing of Biosphere Functioning Hobbs At present there is enormous concern about the changes that are occurring on the surface of the earth and in the earth's atmosphere, primarily as a result of human activities.

Because it is sheltered and has no inflow from rivers, the Plußsee exhibits stable stratification and is especially suitable for limnological studies.

Because the coauthors are ecologists, emphasis is quite naturally placed on the first of these two questions, and the factors contributing to the maintenance of a-diversity are discussed at length. However, the question of the very origin of species richness can never be eluded, though it is more an evolutionary problem than an ecological one; it has therefore also been given some attention occasionally. All the contributors were asked to examine how so many species could coexist in such communities and to discuss the ways species assemblages might have evolved over time.

In this book, leading experts offer the first survey of applications of stable isotope analysis to ecological research. Central topics are - plant physiology studies - food webs and animal metabolism - biogeochemical fluxes.Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research Extensive coverage is given to natural isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and strontium in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Ecologists of diverse research interests, as well as agronomists, anthropologists, and geochemists will value this overview for its wealth of information on theoretical background, experimental approaches, and technical design of studies utilizing stable isotope ratios.

The potential impacts of acidic deposition on forest nutrition are described in the context of the degree of current nutrient limitation on forest productivity (Chap­ ter 6).S.

They examine the flux of energy and biologically essential elements and their associated food webs in major terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, cultivated land, streams, coral reefs, and ocean basins.In each case, interactions between different eosystems, predictive models, and the application of ecosystem research to the management of natural resources are given special emphasis. Concepts of Ecosystem Ecology.

Until recently, coastal eutrophication and the resulting effects on marine macrophytes were mainly treated as local short-term problems.

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. Thus, the information encompasses a wide range of interpretations and interests.

Regions with Mediterranean-type climates include parts of California, South America, Australia, and of course, Europe.This volume addresses issues in these areas, from processes at the leaf level to the individual, ecosystem, and landscape levels. Global Change and Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems.

Amazonian Rain Forests.8 x 10 km (Salati and Vose 1984).

Landscape pattern is generated by a variety of processes, including disturbances.

The synthesis presented in this volume is a direct outgrowth of our ten-year FORMAP Project (Forest Mapping Across Eastern North America from 20,000 yr B. Long-Term Forest Dynamics of the Temperate Zone. Application of these calibrations to fossil­ pollen records for interpreting forest history thus represents a fundamental step beyond traditional summaries based upon pollen percentages.

We hope this small book will serve as a helpful example of the analysis of the complex interdisciplinary problems associated with resources and society. Although this book is about a specific area of the world (i.e.

The conference conveners regretted that it was not possible to host a similar meeting during synthesis efforts in mid-January. We invited 19 scientists from North America and England to critique our research and synthesis efforts. The objective of the volume is to present a synthetic overview of structure and function of taiga forest ecosystems in interior Alaska. Six of these people were asked to write introductory chapters for each section of the book.

Some grasses and grassland ecosystems seem fairly adaptable to burdens in addition to those of weather change and tissue removal. How can experts learn to project the future of the heartland of America and other grasslands of the world on the basis of only a few years of observation and control? When Springer-Verlag undertook publication of this volume, two opportunities arose.

Nevertheless, there are good reasons for making a report on experience so far.. REICHLE) an international panel of experts treated various aspects of ecosystems research, using deciduous forests of the temperate zone as an example.