Reform Processes And Policy Change

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The experiences of both countries provide a laboratory in which to investigate the effects and implications of the reforms, and, more broadly to analyze voter behavior in the context of institutional change.

In the early 1990s, major electoral reforms took place in both Italy and Japan; each replaced a form of âproportional representationâ (in which voters cast a ballot for a party list) with a âmixed memberâ system (in which voters cast ballots for individual candidates and party lists). The reforms were enacted by political elites in the context of divisions within the dominant party, changing patterns of party support, and party splits, in efforts to retain power while responding to charges of corruption, clientelism, and lack of accountability. The introduction provides an overview of post-WWII politics and electoral reform in Italy and Japan.

In Situ and Laboratory Experiments on Electoral Law Reform

One, associated largely with economics, involves the study of electoral system effects through the deductive method, using mathematical tools to derive theorems about the properties of voting methods and behaviors. A third, and more recent tradition, inspired largely by work in experimental economics, involves experimentation, either in the form of controlled laboratory experiments or in the form of in situ field studies. This system is of considerable importance not just because of its use in France but also because of its wide adoption in presidential elections in new democracies, such as Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Russia and Ukraine.

Carefully considering the fundamentals that give rise to this tradeoff should interest students and scholars working at the intersection of social science and the law, and can help professionals improve their own performance in policy, legal, and business settings.

Conventional wisdom warns that unaccountable political and business agents can enrich a few at the expense of many.

It examines the classical moral objective of redistribution to assist the poor, as well as income transfer for pensions, education and intra-family gift giving.

Economics of Income Redistribution.

It examines the classical moral objective of redistribution to assist the poor, as well as income transfer for pensions, education and intra-family gift giving.

Pension systems and medical programs are in a state of crisis in many parts of the world and the general political mood is shifting away from income redistribution.Economics of Income Redistribution (2nd edition) brings this work up to date by discussing the economic and political aspects of income redistribution. Economics of Income Redistribution.