Cryogenic Safety

Joule-Thomson cryocoolers are used in missile technology because of the fast cool down requirements.Each chapter describes the cooling requirements based on the end use, the approximate cooling load calculations, the criteria for cryocooler selection, the arrangement for cryocooler placement, the connection of the cooler to the object to be cooled, and includes genuine case studies. For example, Stirling coolers tend to be used only in space applications because of their high coefficient of performance, low weight and proven reliability, whilst Gifford-McMahon coolers are used for ground applications, such as in cryopumps and MRI shield cooling applications.

The revised second edition of this practical book reviews the fundamentals of cryogenic liquid behaviour in small and large scale storage systems. In this second edition, most chapters have been extended to introduce discussions of these new applications and their safety and energy economy. The text is based on research findings on the convective and evaporative behaviour of cryogenic fluids, aimed at improving the design, construction and operation of low-loss cryogenic liquid storage systems, with a view to minimising cost and improving operational safety..

The book also describes the basic principles of process control and studies the operating situations of helium plants, with emphasis on high level efficiency. Cryogenic Helium Refrigeration for Middle and Large Powers.A major issue is helium purity, and the book explains why helium is polluted, how to purify it and then how to check its purity, to ensure that all components are filled with pure helium prior to starting. Although the intention of the book is not to design thermodynamic cycles, it is of interest to a designer or operator of a cryogenic system to perform some simplified calculations to get an idea of how components or systems are behaving.

Many materials are inappropriate for use in cryogenics and can fail, resulting in hazardous conditions.

Case studies, example problems, and an extensive list of references are included to add to the utility of the text.